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| Practical ecological knowledge for the temperate reader. |
Capsella bursa-pastoris - Shepherd's Purse
Family: Mustard - Brassicaceae [E-flora]
"Shepherd's purse is an annual tap-rooted, introduced European species that is found in North America across Canada and in all but one US state (Puerto Rico) (USDA 2011). This species begins to flower early in lowland areas in BC (February/March). It is found in disturbed sites (roadsides, fields and waste places) in the lowland, steppe and montane zones. It is readily identifiable because of the distinctive fruits (heart-shaped silicles)." [E-flora]
"The distinctive shape of shepherd's purse pods helps distinguish this plant from close relatives like pennycress (1hlaspi arvense). The longer the stem gets, the more pods develop along its length." [Kallas EWP]
"Capsella bursa-pastoris is a ANNUAL growing to 0.3 m (1ft) by 0.1 m (0ft 4in). It is hardy to zone (UK) 6 and is not frost tender. It is in flower all year, and the seeds ripen all year. The species is hermaphrodite (has both male and female organs). The plant is self-fertile.
It is noted for attracting wildlife.
Suitable for: light (sandy), medium (loamy) and heavy (clay) soils. Suitable pH: acid, neutral and basic (alkaline) soils and can grow in very acid and saline soils. It can grow in semi-shade (light woodland) or no shade. It prefers dry or moist soil." [PFAF]
"General Annual herb from a taproot; stems simple to branched, 10-50 cm long, with simple and starlike hairs." [IFBC-E-flora]
"Habitat/Range Mesic to dry roadsides, fields and waste places in the lowland, steppe and montane zones; common throughout BC; introduced from Eurasia" [IFBC-E-flora] "found as a weed in
fields and waste places nearly all over the world." [EWP] "Worldwide, except tropical regions." [PDR] "Cosmopolitan found in cold areas." [Abbasi WEVLH]
Origin Status: Exotic [E-flora]
Hazards
"Signs of toxicity are sedation, pupil enlargement and breathing difficulty. Avoid if on treatments for high blood pressure. Avoid with thyroid gland disorders or heart disease. Possible addictive sedative effects with other depressants (e.g. Alcohol). Avoid during pregnancy [301]." [PFAF] "he chemistry of shepherd’s purse is well documented.
Several actions affecting the circulatory system have been
observed in animal studies, although these actions do not
relate to the traditional herbal uses. There is a lack of robust
clinical research assessing the efficacy and safety of
shepherd’s purse. Limited toxicity data are available. In view
of this together with the demonstrated pharmacological
activity of the herb, excessive use of shepherd’s purse and use
during pregnancy and lactation should be avoided." [HerbalMed3]
Edible Uses
- Plant
- "The young flowering shoots; can be eaten raw or cooked[264]. They are rather thin and fiddly but the taste is quite acceptable. They can be available at most times of the year." [PFAF]
- Young Leaves
- Cultivated in China [Agroforestry News Vol. 12 No. 1] "The plants are actually cultivated for sale in
Taiwan and China.
" [Tozer UWP]
- "The young leaves, used before the plant comes into flower, make a fine addition to salads[9]. The leaves are a cress and cabbage substitute[12], becoming peppery with age[172]. Leaves are usually available all year round, though they can also be dried for later use[12]. The leaves contain about 2.9% protein, 0.2% fat, 3.4% carbohydrate, 1% ash. They are rich in iron, calcium and vitamin C[179]. A zero moisture basis analysis is available[218]." [PFAF] "It has the peppery
flavor of other members of the mustard family and was formerly
used as a potherb. The Chinese still use the plant. Horace Kephart
says: "A good substitute for spinach. Delicious when blanched and
served as a salad. Tastes somewhat like cabbage, but is much more
delicate.""[EWP] "Young leaves are cooked in water as vegetables." [Abbasi WEVLH]
- Harvesting: "The basal leaves have a mild pungency early in the spring, but the plant soon flowers and the leaves become tough and tasteless." [Wildman] "Like most mustards, shepherd's purse dries out very quickly, so keep all parts moist and cool until ready to use. If they wilt, crisp them by immersing in very cold water for fifteen minutes. Once hydrated, they will last well in the refrigerator." [Kallas EWP]
- Preparation:
- Soaked overnight and eaten raw or cooked as a potherb. The young leaves may be eaten raw in salads, especially if they are blanched. This can be done by covering a patch of the plants with straw, boards or canvas for a week or more. Prime in spring, before flowering, but may be harvested if desired until freeze-up. "Leaves - raw or cooked[2, 4, 5, 52, 94]." [PFAF]
- "The young leaves may be eaten raw in salads, especially if they
are blanched. This can be done by covering a patch of the plants
with straw, boards or canvas for a week or more." [Harrington]
- We boiled the young leaves for 20 minutes and changed the water once. This change, however, It may not be necessary. We ate the plant with a little salt and vinegar and found it somewhat stronger than spinach but with none of the bitter peppery taste reported by some people." [Harrington]
- Seeds
- "When mineed with vinegar, the pods become a relish for me at and fish, something like hot mustard in flavor. In fact, European peasants once gathered shepherd's purse seeds, dried them, and ground them into mustard." [NHF]
- "The seeds inside the purse-like pods are reputed to be edible and peppery, but I've always found them flavorless." [Wildman]
- "The pods and seeds can be used to flavor other foods such as vegetable soup, and can be dried and stored for fall and winter". [Harrington] "These are just too fibrous for any use I can find. Even when they are green, there is not much to like about them. The seeds are the most- talked-about part of this plant in wild food literature, but they are tiny, tough, and generally disappointing. I do not see any practical use for them." [Kallas EWP]
- "Seed - raw or cooked[94, 172]. It can be ground into a meal and used in soups etc[102, 183]. It is very fiddly to harvest and utilize, the seed is very small[85]. The seed contains 35% of a fatty oil[179]. This oil can be extracted and is edible[74]. The seedpods can be used as a peppery seasoning for soups and stews[183]." [PFAF]
- "The seed can be ground to meal and used as a condiment like Mustard. It has also been sprouted like Alfalfa (Medicago). " [Tozer UWP]
- Root
- "The fresh or dried root is a ginger substitute[85, 172, 183]." [PFAF] "The fresh or dried roots have been utilized as a substitute for ginger, and have been candied by boiling in a rich sugar syrup". [Harrington] "I've chewed on the roots of both young and old plants to search for that ginger-like flavor. None was to be found. And to top that, young and old roots are absolutely woody-not making them suitable for grinding. I have no use for the root. " [Kallas EWP] Kallas believes the references to roots in the literature are actually referring to Asarum canadense (Similar to our local species; Asarum caudatum). [2]
Other Uses
- Insecticide
- "...the seeds of shepherd's purse, when placed in water, release a mosquito attractant and gummy substance that binds the mouth of the larva to the seed. In addition, the seed releases a substance that destroys three-quarters of the larvae within three days. Just one pound of seeds is said to have the power of destroying ten million larvae." [Schofield]
- Reclaimation
- Plants can be grown on salty or marshy land in order to reclaim it by absorbing the salt and 'sweetening' the soil[201]." [PFAF]
- Cosmetic
- "Shepherd's purse has a gentle detergent action that is very cleansing to the skin. It is also astringent, making it good in facial steams for oily skins. Try a shepherd's purse compress or herbal bath for aches and pains. Add the herb to footbaths for tired feet." [Schofield]
- Veterinary Remedy
- "Herbalists recommend shepherd's purse for fevers and loose bowels; to treat diarrhea of nursing animals, decoct it in milk and bottle feed." [Schofield]
- Wildlife Feed
- "The seeds of this herb, along with those of lamb's quarter, make an excellent food for caged (or wild) birds; shepherd's purse seeds are included in some commercial mixes." [Schofield]
Medicinal Uses
- Bleeding
- "Shepherd's purse is my herb of choice for internal and external bleeding. It is extremely high in vitamin K, the blood-clotting vitamin. In a home emergency, just mash or chew the leaves and hold them on the cut." [Schofield]
- "Shepherd's purse is mildly astringent. It contains saponins, choline, acetylcholine, and tyramine. It's supposed to be good for long and painful menstrual periods. It's also supposed to be good for stopping bleeding in general. Before today's pharmaceuticals were discovered, people used it for hemorrhages of the stomach, lungs, uterus, and kidneys. I tried dried seedpods on a paper cut, but it didn't seem to work. Maybe a tincture would have been better." [Wildman]
- Unproven Uses: "Internally, the plant is used for mild menstrual irregularities such as menorrhagia and metrorrhagia." [PDR]
- Unproven Uses: "Externally, it is used for nosebleeds and superficially
bleeding skin injuries. Shepherd's Purse is seldom used in
folk medicine today" [PDR]
- Harvesting "Shepherd's Purse herb consists of the fresh or
dried aboveground parts of Capsella bursa, collected in the
wild during the summer and dried rapidly." [PDR]
- "Fresh leaves are boiled in water and decoction is taken orally to cure menstrual
disorders. Plant is effective against both internal and external bleeding and diarrhea." [Abbasi WEVLH]
- Tincture:
- "For internal bleeding, standard dosage is twenty to forty drops; take directly on the tongue or dilute in a cup of water. For external bleeding, soak a clean towel in diluted tincture and press it on the wound until clotting occurs." [Schofield] "Shepherd's purse may be dried for emergency use, but the herb has a maximum shelf life of only six months. (The tincture maintains full potency for thirty to forty years.)" [Schofield]
- Ulcers
- "For soothing ulcers, add a daily cup of shepherd's purse tea to your diet. To prepare, just pour a cup of boiling water over a heaping teaspoon of the leaves. If you need an even stronger remedy for internal bleeding simmer the herb in water until the fluid is reduced to half the original amount; sip a mouthful or two of the decoction every ten minutes or so." [Schofield]
- Birth Aid
- "Capsella is often used by midwives. In Better Homf Birth, Yvonne Watkins highly recommends that mothers drink at least two cups of strong shepherd's purse tea immediately after baby's birth. In addition, she suggests a postnatal bath containing shepherd's purse, comfrey, kinnikinnick, alum root sea salt, and garlic for both mother and baby." [Schofield]
- Homeopathic
- "Capsella bursa-pastoris is used for
uterine and mucous membrane bleeding as well as for
calculosis." [PDR]
- Various
- "Shepherd's purse is little used in herbalism, though it is a commonly used domestic remedy, being especially efficacious in the treatment of both internal and external bleeding, diarrhoea etc[4, 222]. A tea made from the whole plant is antiscorbutic, astringent, diuretic, emmenagogue, haemostatic, hypotensive, oxytocic, stimulant, vasoconstrictor, vasodilator and vulnerary[4, 7, 9, 13, 21, 46, 147, 165, 172, 176, 222]. A tea made from the dried herb is considered to be a sovereign remedy against haemorrhages of all kinds - the stomach, the lungs, the uterus and more especially the kidneys[4, 222]. The plant can be used fresh or dried, for drying it is harvested in the summer[9]. The dried herb quickly loses its effectiveness and should not be stored for more than a year[9]. Clinical trials on the effectiveness of this plant as a wound herb have been inconclusive[244]. It appears that either it varies considerably in its effectiveness from batch to batch, or perhaps a white fungus that is often found on the plant contains the medically active properties[244]. The plant has been ranked 7th amongst 250 potential anti-fertility plants in China[218]. It has proven uterine-contracting properties and is traditionally used during childbirth[222]. The plant is a folk remedy for cancer - it contains fumaric acid which has markedly reduced growth and viability of Ehrlich tumour in mice[218]. A homeopathic remedy is made from the fresh plant[4]. It is used in the treatment of nose bleeds and urinary calculus[7]. The German Commission E Monographs, a therapeutic guide to herbal medicine, approve Capsella bursa-pastoris Shepherd's Purse for nose bleeds, premenstrual syndrome, wounds & burns (see [302] for critics of commission E)." [PFAF]
- "Alaska's Wilderness Medicines reports that in laboratory tests, alcohol extracts of shepherd's purse have been found to suppress the growth of tumors significantly. Shepherd's purse is one of the most important drug plants of the mustard family; its action is attributed to the presence ofbursinic acid and the alkaloid bursine. Besides being high in vitamin K, capsella contains significant amounts of calcium, potassium, sulfur, and ascorbic acid." [Schofield]
- "Urinary tract astringent, uric acid diuretic fur hyperuricemia;
hemostatic fur hematuria, excess menses, and so furth; oxytocin agonist for postpartum bleeding or difficult placenta delivery." [Moore MPPW]
Dosage
- Dried herb 1–4 g as an infusion three times daily (G7) [HerbalMed3]
- Liquid extract 1–4 mL (1 : 1 in 25% alcohol) three times daily.(G7) [HerbalMed3]
- Fresh Plant Tincture, 1 :2, 30 to 60
drops, up to four times a day; [Moore MPPW]
- Dried Herb Tincture, 1:5, 50% alcohol,
similarly.[Moore MPPW]
"Mode of Administration: Comminuted drug for tea and other
galenic preparations for internal use and external
administration."[PDR]
"Daily Dosage: Internally, the average daily dose is 10 to 15
gm of drug. The liquid extract daily dose is 5 to 8 gm drug.
The infusion may be drunk throughout the day. Externally an
infusion is prepared by adding 3 to 5 gm drug to 150 ml
water."[PDR]
"Homeopathic Dosage: 5 drops or 1 tablet or 10 globules
every 30 to 60 minutes (acute) or 1 to 3 times a day
(chronic); parenterally: 1 to 2 ml 3 times a day sc (HAB1)"[PDR]
Pharmacology
"Medicinally, Capsella is astringent and diuretic; it is especially known as a potent vasoconstrictor and coagulant. The tea can be used internally or externally to stop bleeding; it is commonly used for women's mid-cycle bleeding. . It may also equalize blood pressure (Willard), but it can have inconsistent effects, causing either vasodilation or hypertension. As an astringent and diuretic, Capsella is good for the urinary tract and bladder, and it stimulates phosphate recycling in the kidneys. It is given during birth to stimulate uterine contractions (Moore). It is a remedy for diarrhea (Kloss)." [BIAD]
"The mixture of Capsella bursa-pastoris
and Glycyrrhiza glabra extracts was more effec-
tive against all the oral pathogenic bacteria
Streptococcus mutans, S. sanguis, Actinomyces
viscosus, Enterococcus faecalis than the separate
individual extracts indicating synergistic effects
between the two plant extracts (Soleimanpour
et al. 2013 )." [EMNMPV.10]
"Shepherd's purse is reputed to act as
an abortifacient and to affect the menstrual cycle, and tyramine is
documented as a utero-active constituent. (G30)" [HerbalMed3]
Various Facts
"Dairy cattle that graze too freely on this plant may produce off-tasting milk." [????]
Shepherd's Purse – Capsella bursa-pastoris
| Part: |
Greens |
Per 100 g fresh weight [????] |
| Food Energy (Kcal) |
33 |
Ash (g) |
1.5 |
Potassium (mg) |
376 |
| Water (g) |
87 |
Thiamine (mg) |
0.25 |
Magnesium (mg)|19.2 |
| Protein (g) |
3 |
Riboflavin (mg) |
0.17 |
Calcium (mg) |
235 |
| Fat (g)|0.5 |
Niacin (mg) |
0.4 |
Phosphorus (mg) |
81 |
| Carbohydrate (g) |
- |
Vitamin C (mg) |
63.5 |
Sodium (mg) |
47 |
| Crude Fiber (g) |
3.4 |
Vitamin A (RE) |
327 |
Iron (mg) |
3.8 |
| Zinc (mg) |
0.4 |
Manganese (mg) |
5.8 |
Copper (mg) |
0.2 |
| Molybdenum (mg) |
<0.1 |
Chloride (mg) |
40.4 |
- |
- |
Shepherd's Purse – Capsella bursa-pastoris
| Part: |
Leaves |
Per 100 g dry weight [PFAF] |
| Food Energy (Kcal) |
280 |
Ash (g) |
- |
Potassium (mg) |
3939 |
| Water (g) |
0 |
Thiamine (mg) |
2.12 |
Magnesium (mg) |
- |
| Protein (g) |
35.6 |
Riboflavin (mg) |
1.44 |
Calcium (mg) |
1763 |
| Fat (g) |
4.2 |
Niacin (mg) |
3.4 |
Phosphorus (mg) |
729 |
| Carbohydrate (g) |
44.1 |
Vitamin C (mg) |
305 |
Sodium (mg) |
- |
| Fiber (g) |
10.2 |
Vitamin A (mg) |
21949 |
Iron (mg) |
40.7 |
| Zinc (mg) |
- |
Manganese (mg) |
- |
Copper (mg) |
- |
An analysis of 100 grams (about cup) of the leaves shows 208 milligrams of calcium, 86 milligrams of phosphorus, 40 milligrams of sodium, 394 milligrams of potassium, 36 milligrams of vitamin C, and 1,554 international units of vitamin A. [????]
"Fresh weight basis: Moisture contents 94.25 %, dry matter contents 5.750 %.
Dry weight basis: Carbohydrates 24.86 %, crude proteins 40.36 %, crude fats
3.160 %, crude fibers 10.30 %, ash content 21.32 %, Energy 289.3 Kcal/100 g." [Abbasi WEVLH]
[Abbasi WEVLH]
Phytochemicals
Amines Acetylcholine, choline, amino acids 2.33% (major
component proline), histamine, tyramine and unidentified crystal-
line alkaloids. (1)[HerbalMed3]
Flavonoids Quercetin, diosmetin, luteolin, hesperetin and their
glycosides (e.g. rutin, diosmin, hesperidin). (2)[HerbalMed3] "including rutin, luteolin-7-rutinoside" [PDR]
Volatile oils 0.02%. Camphor (major); at least 74 components
identified. (3, 4)[HerbalMed3]
Other constituents Carotenoids, fumaric acid, sinigrin (mustard
oil glucoside), ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and vitamin K. (4, 5, G2)[HerbalMed3]
"Cardioactive steroids: presumably only in the seeds" [PDR]
"Glucosinolates, sinigrin: 9-methyl sulfinyl nonyl glucosinolate, 9-methyl sulfinyl decyl glucosinolate" [PDR]
"Caffeic acid derivatives: including chlorogenic acid." [PDR]
"Phytochemical assessment of C. bursa-pastoris is given in Fig. 7.14, which indi-
cates that water extract showed higher concentration of total phenolics (mg GAE/
100 g, FW) as compared to acetone extract. Flavonoids and flavonol contents
(mg Rt/100 g, FW) were recorded higher in acetone extract than water extract,
while water extract showed slightly higher value of ascorbic acid contents
(mg AA/100 g, FW) than acetone extract." [Abbasi WEVLH]
[Abbasi WEVLH]
"Measured levels of antioxidant properties in the leaves of C. bursa-pastoris are
mentioned in Fig. 8.14, which indicates that water extracts show elevated levels in
DPPH and OH- radical scavenging and Fe 2+ chelating activities than
corresponding acetone extracts. However, in the case of H2O2 radical scavenging
activity, FRAP assay, and PM complex assay measured levels were high in acetone
extracts than corresponding water extracts on fresh weight basis." [Abbasi WEVLH]
[Abbasi WEVLH]
Cultivation
"This plant is easily grown from seed, and
will grow in almost any soil, though it gets bigger and
more succulent in rich moist soil." [Tozer UWP]
"Shepherd's purse thrives in even the poorest of soils. When given hospitable conditions, the leaves grow large and succulent. When blanched like growing celery (just place an inverted flowerpot over the shepherd's purse in your garden), the greens are choice." [Schofield]
"Plants flourish in most soils[17]. They will grow even in the poorest of soils, though in such a situation the plants might only reach a few centimetres tall before they flower and set seed[4]. In rich soils plants will take longer to go to seed and will grow up to 60cm tall[4]. Shepherd's purse is a very common garden weed that can spread freely in cultivated ground. It is usually in flower and producing seed in all months of the year. This species is a prime example of how a plant can be viewed as an annoying weed in some areas of the world whilst in others it is actually cultivated for its wide range of uses[4, 183]. The plant is extensively cultivated in some areas of the world as a cabbage-flavoured spring greens[268], in Japan it is one of the essential ingredients of a ceremonial rice and barley gruel that is eaten on January 7th[183]. The leaves grow rather larger under cultivation, they can be harvested about a month after sowing and can be treated as a cut and come again crop[206]. They do run to seed fairly rapidly, however, especially in hot dry weather or when in poor soils[206, K]. A member of the cabbage family, it is a host plant for many diseases of Brassicas[200]." [PFAF]
Light Requirements "Fogelfors (1973) studied the response
of weeds to light intensity. Chenopodium album, Galeopsis tetrahit and Stellaria
media were among species flowering at very
low light intensities, whereas species such
as Capsella bursa-pastoris, C. cyanus and
Avena fatua exhibited a more restrained
flowering. [Hakansson WWM]
Fungal Parasites
"The plant very often acts as a host to endophytic fungi
(Albugo Candida, Peronospora parasitica), so the presence
of mytotoxins is a possibility." [PDR]
"Peronospora parasitica (Fig. 3.18) may be taken as a common example of this
order. It is an obligate parasite of wallflower (Chetranthus) and shepherd's
purse (Capsella bursa-pastons), an abundant garden weed. In a dIseased
wallflower a group of termmal leaves and the associated sappy stem appear somewhat reduced and distorted, and have a white, mildewed appearance.
This is due to a covering of sporangiophores. The young leaves of a healthy plant are infected by airborne spores. The
spore germinates in a drop of dew or rain on the leaf surface, and puts out a
germ tube which grows into the leaf by way of a stoma. Once inside, the
fungus forms a branched, non-septate mycelium in the intercellular spaces of
the host obtaining nourishment through relatively large forked haustoria
developed within the living cells. The parasitized cells are not killed; the
success of the parasite depends on the continued life of the penetrated host
cells. After a few days of vegetative activity within the host, reproductive
structures are formed. These are branched sporangiophores. Each emerges
through a stoma and has an unbranched lower region and a branched upper
one with fine ends each bearing an oval spore, which is regarded as a modified
sporangium. The spores in Peronospora are very finely attached. Just how they
are liberated is not quite clear. In some species of the genus they appear to be
violently discharged as the result of twirling of the sporangiophore axis during
sudden drying. It has also been suggested that static electric charges playa
part in their liberation." [BOF Ingold]
Synonyms
- Bursa bursa-pastoris (L.) Britt.
- Bursa bursa-pastoris var. bifida CrTpin
- Bursa gracilis Gren.
- Capsella rubella Reut.
- Thlaspi bursa-pastoris L.[E-flora]
Capsella Sp. - Shepherd's Purse
"Annual, biennial; hairs sessile, stellate, occasionally also simple.
Leaf: basal rosetted, petioled, pinnately lobed to dentate or entire; cauline sessile, sagittate to basally lobed or clasping.
Inflorescence: elongated.
Flower: sepals erect to ascending, base sac-like; petals obovate to spoon-shaped, white or ± pink.
Fruit: silicle, obtriangular-obcordate, dehiscent, unsegmented, flat perpendicular to septum; valves veined; stigma entire.
Seed: (10)20–40, in 2 rows per chamber, wingless.
4 species: Eurasia. (Latin: little box resembling a medieval wallet or purse)" [Jepson]
Local Species;
- Capsella bursa-pastoris - Shepherd's purse [E-flora]
"There are other very similiar species in the genus, all edible, with no poisonous lookalikes." [Wildman]
References
- 2 - Personal note or observation
- E-flora - https://linnet.geog.ubc.ca/Atlas/Atlas.aspx?sciname=Capsella%20bursa-pastoris, Accessed Dec 17, 2014; March 9,2021
- EMNMPV.10 - Edible Medicinal and Non Medicinal Plants Volume 10, Modified Stems, Roots, Bulbs, T. K. Lim, Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2016
- Soleimanpour S, Sedighinia FS, Afshar AS, Zarif R, Asili
J, Ghazvini K (2013) Synergistic antibacterial activity
of Capsella bursa-pastoris and Glycyrrhiza glabra
against oral pathogens. Jundishapur J Microbiol 6(8),
e7262
- HerbalMed3 - Herbal Medicines, 3rd Ed., Joanne Barnes, Linda A Anderson and J David Phillipson, 2007 Pharmaceutical Press
- 1 Kuroda K, Kaku T. Pharmacological and chemical studies on the
alcohol extract of Capsella bursa-pastoris. Life Sci 1969; 8: 151–155.
- 2 Jurisson S. Flavonoid substances of Capsella bursa pastoris.
Farmatsiya (Moscow) 1973; 22: 34–35.
- 3 Miyazawa M et al. The constituents of the essential oils from Capsella
bursa-pastoris Medik. Yakugaku Zasshi 1979; 99: 1041–1043.
- 4 Park RJ. The occurrence of mustard oil glucosides in Lepidium
hyssopifolium, L. bonariense, and Capsella bursa pastoris. Aust J
Chem 1967; 20: 2799–2801.
- 5 Jurisson S. Vitamin content of shepherd's purse. Farmatsiya (Moscow)
1976; 25: 66–67.
- Jepson - Ihsan A. Al-Shehbaz, 2012. Capsella, in Jepson Flora Project (eds.) Jepson eFlora, http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_IJM.pl?tid=17109, accessed on Mar 14 2014
- Moore MPPW - Medicinal Plants of The Pacific West, 3rd Edition, Michael Moore, 2001, Red Crane Books
- References Foster, Moore (Desert), Schofield, Willard.
- PFAF - https://pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Capsella+bursa-pastoris, Accessed March 9, 2021
Page last modified on Wednesday, January 3, 2024